The new version number you'll end up with is '10080' (it was '10051') and I'd estimate that we're still a good few months from a production-ready build, so don't expect too much in terms of stability or feature completeness. This Microsoft feature goes over the context.
Interestingly, the version numbering on the phone is totally different (go figure), so the phones report OS version 10.0.12562.84. No doubt it all makes sense at Redmond!
From the official blog post announcing it:
Windows Store Beta for phones: This build brings a first look at the new Windows Store in Windows 10 for phones. You will see it designated as Store (Beta). The Store Beta has a new visual design and if you’ve been using the Store Beta on PC, it should feel familiar since it’s the built using the new Universal Windows Platform code. As a beta, there are a couple of known issues to be aware of with this Store app... We’re also adding music, movies and TV shows into the Store for you to purchase and access across all your devices. Movies & TV page is functional. Music is not available in this build but will be coming soon. And just like on PC, the current Windows Store remains available in this build.
Universal Office apps: Now that the Store Beta is included in this build, you can download the Word, Excel, PowerPointand OneNote Preview apps. For more information on the Universal Office apps – read this blog post from the Office Blog. We know that you’ve been waiting to try these apps on your phones, so we’re very excited for them to be available for you now.
Xbox app: The Xbox app for Windows 10 is also now available for phones in the Store Beta (version 4.4.230). With the Xbox app on your phone – you can access your activity feed, achievements, friends list, activity alerts, messages, watch Game DVR clips, and connect to your Xbox One. For more information, see this post on Xbox Wire.
Music Preview app: Access your music collection and play all your music – including songs you have added to OneDrive. The new experience for Now Playing makes it easy to swipe between songs and it looks great. We’ve got more improvements coming in future app updates that will be delivered through the Store Beta including a Live Tile showing what’s currently playing, pinning favorites to your Start screen, exploring the full catalog and listening to Radio with an Xbox Music Pass, support for Kids Corner, the ability to shop for music in the Store Beta, and more. Download the Music Preview app here.
Video Preview app: Browse and play video files (including MKV files!) on your device. Try out filtering and sorting your collection and adding a folder of videos to include in your collection. You can also browse and play movies and TV shows you’ve purchased and rented from Xbox Video. Try starting a purchased video on your PC or Xbox and pick up playback right where you left off on your phone. In a future app update, we’ll be adding the ability to download movies and TV shows for offline playback, new device management so you can manage your offline downloads on the devices you care about, improved search results, movie reviews and cast info, and more! Download the Video Preview app here.
Check out the new Camera app: We want your feedback on the new Camera app for Windows 10! Make the Camera app your default camera app by going to Settings > System > Photos & Camera (or pin it to your Start screen) and let us know what you think. Note that high-end Lumia devices (1520, 1020, 930, 830, 640, and 640XL) have some features not supported by the new Camera app. For these devices, the new app will work but to get the full functionality from your device you will need to use the Lumia Camera app. In coming weeks we’ll have updated versions of Camera apps with the superset of all features.
Thanks to Microsoft fixing their 'Partition stitching' issues (don't ask!), the device pool for which this new build is available has been widened significantly and now includes all Microsoft or Nokia-branded hardware, plus the HTC One (M8).
To see a long list of known issues, see also the blog post again.
Warning: this is a big firmware update and will take well over an hour to complete. And make sure you start with a full-ish battery!
Some screenshots, by way of illustration:
The new Store beta, through which most of the new universal applications will be served and updated.... (right) heading straight for the new universal Office applications...
Built for touch, we'll see how Word handles on a WVGA screen here! (right) A few issues, but then the new Store Beta server will be under heavy load right now....
The Word ribbon expanded and looking at navigation. Things will be easier on larger screened devices, of course! (right) A lot of the more advanced features are restricted to accounts signed in as having an Office 365 subscription...
Each Office application launches with both a hints and tips set of panes, plus there's a template wizard when creating a new document; (right) Excel here showing that quite a lot isn't actually working yet...
PS. Note that if there's a catastrophic problem with the new preview, it's possible to get back to the previous Windows Phone 8.1 Update 1 using the Microsoft recovery tool here.
PPS. We have a feature planned, looking at living with Windows 10 Mobile. Well, at least we will have once the preview is habitable!